Vaccinations
Vaccinations for Shih Tzu Puppies and Dogs
Overview
Vaccinations help develop immunity to certain disease and infections, many which are serious or potentially fatal. And while no owner wants to leave their Shih Tzu unprotected, it is very common to have questions about vaccines. Are they safe? Which are actually needed? Does a Shih Tzu need to have yearly boosters?
This article will answer these questions and more, with many FAQ gathered from reader submissions. So, whether you have a Shih Tzu puppy or an older adult, let’s dive into the subject of vaccinations for Shih Tzu.
Which Vaccines Should a Shih Tzu Have?
There are many vaccines, not all of which a Shih Tzu should have. To make this easier to understand, let’s look at the two categories of core and non-core vaccinations.
Core Vaccinations:
These are immunizations for severe and sometimes deadly diseases that have high infection rates and pose a serious threat to pets (and sometimes people). Veterinarians recommend these across the board for all puppies and dogs. Puppies will receive 3 to 4 ‘rounds’ of puppy shots, which are a combination vaccine containing these (more ahead) and adults will receive boosters every 3 to 7 years (more ahead). These include vaccinations for:
- Rabies. Because humans can catch rabies from dogs, and this disease is extremely serious, rabies vaccines are a legal requirement in many countries. The first rabies vaccine is given between the ages of 12 and 16 weeks, and then boosters are given as legally required, usually every 1 to 3 years.
- Parvovirus. Also known as ‘parvo’, just this name is enough to scare many owners, and rightfully so. Parvo is a fast moving, easily transmitted disease that can live in the environment and inanimate objects for months. Left untreated, mortality rate is 90%.
- Infectious Canine Hepatitis (ICH, aka adenovirus), is an acute liver infection that is transmitted by bodily fluids (saliva, urine, feces, blood, and/or nasal discharge) of other dogs and also wildlife including coyotes, wolves, and fox.
- Canine distemper (+ measles). Distemper is a highly contagious disease that is easily transmitted via body secretions of dogs and cats, but also wildlife including raccoons, fox, and skunks. Animals with distemper suffer quite terribly, with death often occurring after an attack of full-body of seizures. This vaccine is a combo (distemper and measles together) because distemper stems from the virus that causes measles in humans; giving both is thought to offer the best protection for young pups.
Cuteness break!
Tuppence, at 1 year old, photo courtesy of Maureen Schuyt (Australia)
Non-core Vaccines:
Non-core vaccines are labeled as so because the need for them depends on your particular dog’s risk level. Though they are optional, this does not mean that they are not helpful in preventing serious illness or that your Shih Tzu does not need one or more of them. Let’s take a look at these, along with factors that affect the need for these:
#1 Bordetella.
The common name for this is kennel cough, a sometimes serious upper respiratory infection. Shih Tzu that are with other dogs in large groups (doggie daycare, shows, boarding, training classes, etc.) may need to receive this vaccine in order to be allowed into the facility.
#2 Coronavirus.
This is a contagious infection that primarily attacks the intestinal tract and is spread via contaminated fecal matter. Because this illness is considered relatively mild, most Shih Tzu do not need to have this vaccine. Note:
This vaccine has been around a long time and is for a different strain than COVID-19.
#3 Giardia.
Giardia is caused by a protozoan parasite and causes diarrhea, weight loss, and dehydration in dogs. The vaccine helps reduce the parasite's shedding, lowering transmission risks in environments like dog parks or kennels. While not a guarantee against infection, it's beneficial for dogs at high exposure risk, complementing hygiene and water sanitation measures.
#4 Leptospirosis.
This is a serious infection threatening the heart, liver, and kidneys, spread by wildlife through contaminated environments. It easily infects dogs through skin abrasions or ingestion. The need for a leptospirosis vaccine in Shih Tzu dogs depends on their exposure to wildlife and outdoor environments.
The vaccine, linked to higher adverse reaction rates, especially when combined with other vaccines, covers only two to four of the seven leptospirosis strains. Shih Tzu dogs less exposed to wildlife may not require vaccination. This is something to discuss with the veterinarian.
#5 Lyme disease.
This is transmitted by the blacklegged (or deer) tick and affects dogs across the US, Canada, and globally, yet only about 10% of infected dogs exhibit symptoms like lameness, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and lethargy. Antibiotic treatment is typically effective, but without treatment, the disease can cause paralysis and nerve damage.
Whether a Shih Tzu should receive the Lyme disease vaccine largely depends on their exposure risk to blacklegged ticks. However, it's important to note that dogs can encounter four common tick types and are at risk for seven tick-borne diseases, with this vaccine not offering protection against those other threats.
Reaction rate to this vaccine is low (2%); however, taking precautions including all-natural prevention against all ticks
(and the other diseases that a dog can catch) is recommended over having a dog receive this vaccine, unless you live in a very high-risk area.
#6 Parainfluenza.
Canine influenza, or 'dog flu,' and its vaccine are relatively recent developments. Transmitted among dogs in close-contact environments like boarding facilities, shelters, and doggie daycares, this annual vaccine is recommended based on a dog’s exposure risk, particularly if they will frequently interact with other dogs. Unlike seasonal flu in humans, dog flu occurs year-round.
To Summarize:
All Shih Tzu should be vaccinated against rabies, parvovirus, hepatitis (adenovirus), and canine distemper. With puppies, there needs to be a series of vaccines (schedule ahead) and with adults, boosters are needed (ahead, next section).
Vaccines that a Shih Tzu should have, only if at risk or if required (doggie daycare, etc.), are those for bordetella, Lyme disease, leptospirosis, and parainfluenza. A vaccine that most Shih Tzu do not need to have is coronavirus.
Cuteness break!
Molly, at 18 months old, photo courtesy of Sue Smith
What is the Vaccination Schedule for Shih Tzu Puppies?
Puppies are born with antibodies transmitted from the dam. Those antibodies can prevent the vaccines from working. However, at some point between the age of 6 and 16 weeks old, the antibodies will be low enough that the vaccines will take hold. For this reason, puppy shots consist of a series of vaccines (since it's unknown which ones will take) and these are usually done in a combo vaccine (so that just one shot is given, as opposed to multiple). This typically follows 1 of 2 schedules (consisting of 3 or 4 ‘rounds’):
Possible Schedule #1:
- 3 rounds done at 6 to 8 weeks old, 9 to 12 weeks old, and 14 to 16 weeks old, consisting of a DHPP combo core vaccine for distemper, adenovirus-2 (hepatitis), parvovirus, and parainfluenza.
- Rabies is given anywhere from 12 to 16 weeks old.
- Non-core vaccines are given at the same time as cores, if applicable.
Possible Schedule #2:
- 4 rounds done at 6 to 7 weeks old, 9 weeks old, 12 weeks old, and 16 weeks old, consisting of a DHPP combo core vaccine for distemper, adenovirus (hepatitis), parvovirus, and parainfluenza.
- Rabies is given anywhere from 12 to 16 weeks old.
- Non-core vaccines are given at the same time as cores, if applicable.
Note:
Your Shih Tzu's veterinarian may have a reason for a different schedule, such as spreading the vaccines out or other changes.
Does an Adult Shih Tzu Need Yearly Vaccines?
For core vaccines (aside from rabies), the answer is no. For non-core, it will depend on the circumstances. Let’s look at the details of necessity and timing for adult dogs:
Rabies: Though immunity against rabies can last up to 3 years, the law may require a yearly vaccine, depending on where you live. Your veterinarian can certainly let you know your local laws or you can check with your town hall.
Distemper, parvo, and Hepatitis (adenovirus): These vaccines are recommended every 3 years, minimum. Though, immunity against distemper may last up to 5 years and immunity against hepatitis (adenovirus) may last up to 7 years.
Note that in regard to these core vaccines listed above, if the veterinarian recommends a booster shot every 3 years, you may opt to request a titer test first. This tests the number of antibodies in the bloodstream. If the number is high enough (a score of 1:5 or greater), a vaccine is not necessary.
Bordetella: For those deemed at risk (with large groups of dogs in close quarters) this is given every 6 months.
Leptospirosis: For those deemed at risk (exposure to areas of wildlife) this is given yearly; but, in some cases with an extreme risk level, it may be given every 6 months.
Lyme disease: For those deemed at risk (exposure to areas that may contain blacklegged ticks) this is given yearly.
Cuteness break!
Hunter, at 8 months old, photo courtesy of Jordan Griffin
When is it Safe to Bring a New Puppy Outside?
Out Into Your Own Private Yard: Shih Tzu puppies can go into an owner's backyard before completing their vaccination series, but with some precautions. It's generally safer than public outdoor spaces because you can control the environment to a greater extent.
However, ensuring the backyard is secure and not frequented by unvaccinated animals is crucial. Diseases can be transmitted through feces or soil contaminated by infected animals, so keeping the area clean and limiting exposure to potential sources of infection is important. If your backyard is secure and not accessible to other animals, it can be a good place for a puppy to explore and begin socialization under close supervision. Always consult with your veterinarian for personalized advice based on your Shih Tzu puppy's health and vaccination status.
Out Into Public Areas: Introducing a new Shih Tzu puppy to outdoor public spaces marks a significant step, yet it's crucial to ensure they've received all their initial vaccinations first. Puppies inherit immunity from their mothers, which gradually diminishes as they age, making them vulnerable to various infectious diseases. Without the complete set of vaccinations, they remain at risk. Early exposure to outdoor areas increases the chance of encountering diseases like parvovirus, distemper, and rabies, which can be serious or even fatal. Therefore, waiting until their vaccination series is fully administered is essential for their health and safety.
The full vaccination process typically concludes around 16 weeks of age. To be safe, we recommend waiting two weeks passed that date. So, it is safe to bring your new Shih Tzu puppy outdoors into public areas by the age of 18 weeks old.
Vaccination Aftercare
Most pups will forget about getting shots minutes afterward. However, there may be some minor side effects that you will want to keep an eye on. This includes:
- Soreness at the injection site
- Mild lethargy
- Decreased appetite
- Low-grade fever
- Slight nasal discharge (only applicable with the bordetella vaccine if given via nasal drops instead of as an injectable)
Any of these symptoms should clear up within 3 to 4 days. If symptoms become worse or do not resolve, you will want to contact the vet immediately.
Some studies show a link of combo vaccines to a suppressed immune system for up to 10 days afterward. So, to play it safe, you may wish to limit your Shih Tzu’s exposure to other dogs and public places for this time period.
In addition, it is very important to monitor your puppy for at least 12 hours after shots are given, in the very rare case that there is an adverse reaction. It can happen very fast as you are driving your pup home or hours after you get back. This is covered next.
Vaccine Adverse Reactions with Shih Tzu Puppies and Dogs
Before we dive into what type of bad side effects can happen after a Shih Tzu has been given a vaccination, it’s important to note that moderate to serious side effects are exceedingly rare. In a large
study done by the American Veterinary Medical Association, consisting of 1, 200, 000 canines, reactions were seen just 38.2 dogs out of every 10,000. The benefits of protecting your canine family member against serious and sometimes deadly disease far outweighs the risk.
This said, a puppy or dog can have a bad reaction even if they were tolerant of a previous vaccination. It is the second round of shots that reactions most often develop.
Adverse reactions can be broken down into 3 categories:
Mild.
This is the most common type. Signs include those listed under the previous ‘Aftercare’: soreness at the injection site, nasal discharge, lethargy, decreased appetite, and possible nasal discharge (if intranasal drops are given for Bordetella). These symptoms should clear up within just a few days.
Moderate.
This level of reaction should be taken seriously since it can quickly develop into the next stage of ‘severe’. This typically involves a skin reaction (known as urticaria) that presents as swelling (often around the eye/s, mouth, and/or neck), rash, hives, and/or severe itchiness. Take immediate action by bringing your Shih Tzu back to the veterinarian. Treatment will involve a corticosteroid injection with follow-up home care of Benadryl.
Severe.
This can escalate swiftly, leading to life-threatening anaphylaxis marked by breathing difficulties, collapse, and potentially death. Symptoms extend to vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and incoordination, often occurring immediately post-vaccination while still at the vet, allowing for prompt treatment. If anaphylaxis is suspected on your way home or after arrival, treat it as an emergency requiring urgent care. Treatment includes establishing an airway, administering oxygen, IV fluids for blood pressure, and medications like epinephrine and corticosteroids. With timely intervention, there are generally no lasting effects.
Cuteness break!
Jax, at 7 years old, photo courtesy of Jordan Griffin
Reader Q&A
Do I have to, by law, have my Shih Tzu vaccinated?
In many areas, the only vaccine that is required by law is the rabies vaccine. However, skipping some of the other core vaccines could mean placing your Shih Tzu at risk; and in some cases, great risk. Which means that owners are morally obligated regarding some vaccines. Aside from this, having proof of vaccinations may be needed in an array of ways, including traveling, enrolling your Shih Tzu in training classes, using doggie day care, kenneling, attending dog shows, and more.
Can pet vaccinations cause cancer?
The most prevalent concern is a supposed link between vaccines and sarcoma (a cancerous tumor arising from skin and/or connective tissues). While there is some evidence of this with felines, in regard to dogs there is no conclusive proof that vaccines cause cancerous skin tumors.
This suspicion was based on a very small study consisting of 15 dogs
which saw a slight increase in sarcoma developing at the injection site of the rabies vaccine. Since that small study was released, anti-vaccine propaganda has made a lot of unsubstantiated claims. And, despite persistent theories and articles that warn about other types of cancers, there are no other accredited studies that show connections.
This said, it is best to be vigilant. Do not over-vaccinate and keep an eye on your dog for any sort of reactions, including sores or skin lesions at the injection site, which should be reported to the veterinarian asap.
Are vaccinations still given on time if a Shih Tzu puppy is underweight?
If a pup is undersized and possibly having trouble with nourishment, an assessment should be done at the 6-week mark. At that time, the vet may deem that vaccinations be held off until the 8-week mark, while steps are taken to help make the puppy stronger. This may involve nutritional supplements.
Are vaccinations given if a dog is ill?
Vaccinations are made to be given to healthy dogs only. So, if a Shih Tzu is ill with anything ranging from an ear infection to a more serious disease, a titer test should first be given to check antibody levels. With an acute illness, if it is deemed that a vaccination is needed, the vet will often recommend waiting until a dog has recovered.
In the case of chronic disease, while it does depend on the exact circumstances (prognosis, if a dog is kept inside, etc.), in many cases the vaccination will not be given.
In regard to the rabies vaccine, which is legally required in most areas, the AVMA has released new guidelines that will allow an owner to circumvent this law with a letter written by the veterinarian to the city, stating that a dog is too ill to receive it at the present time.
Can pregnant dogs be vaccinated?
No. A veterinarian will know not to vaccinate a pregnant dog, since it can cause birth defects, loss of the fetus, and/or health issues for the pups in the future. If you only suspect that your Shih Tzu is pregnant, bring this up to the veterinarian before shots are scheduled. It may then be recommended to have a pregnancy test performed which can be done as early as Day 22 (from the day of the pairing).
Are there holistic alternatives to vaccinations?
There are not. There are no herbs, plants, or other remedies to prevent distemper, rabies, or other serious canine diseases. To keep vaccinations to the minimum, once the puppy shots are complete, ask for titer testing before any boosters are given.
Does my Shih Tzu need to be vaccinated if they are always inside?
If it were 100% accurate that a Shih Tzu literally never exited the house (not even to go to the bathroom), there was zero chance of any other dog or animal ever visiting the house, and every human entering the house was cleaned and cleared of possible contamination from the outside world, technically, that Shih Tzu would not need any vaccinations other than rabies (if you wanted to remain within the realm of the law).
However, one thing to keep in mind is that circumstances change. It cannot be known for certain that at some time in the future that essentially quarantined dog would indeed need to leave the house (family emergency, moving, etc.). This is something to keep in mind if you are thinking of not having vaccines given to a dog that stays inside.
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