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1) Color is predetermined genetically.
What you see when a Shih Tzu is a newborn and then a young puppy is not their final genetic color.
2) Most of the time, final color will be in place at about the 1 year mark;
though smaller less dramatic changes may still take place over the years. In some rare cases, surprise changes can take place much
later, well into the adult years.
4) Not every Shih Tzu will have a color change, but most will.
It can range from very slight such as a patch of color darkening to extremely dramatic such as completely new colors coming in or a certain color or marking fading away to be replaced by another.
5) Color changes can take place during the newborn phase
and for this reason the AKC allows a
breeder
to make changes to a dog's color listing on his/her AKC registration up to 3 times.
6) Just about any color change can take place.
Colors can lighten (many do and in fact even a dark color like black markings can completely fade away), darken (not common, but possible), just a few hairs can turn into much larger patches, a certain color on a double color coat or a
tri color coat can completely fade away, etc. In many cases, brindle (a pattern of stripes) decreases as a Shih Tzu matures. The only limits on what cannot occur would be colors genetically ruled out (not in the dog's bloodline).
7) There is nothing that can be done to stop a color change, so do
know this if you fall in love with a certain color on a Shih Tzu puppy, most likely he or she will indeed look different as they mature. The good news is that all Shih Tzu look just as beautiful as before or even more so!
8) Aside from natural color changes with this breed, there are also other elements that can cause the coat to become tinted differently. The most common cause is excessive UV rays. With dark coats, too much sun exposure can cause a 'sun burning' that can cause hairs to take on a red tint. Also, the sun can cause colors to lighten. In some cases, tones will change seasonally, with slight differences seen from winter to summer and back again. This may be minor and only noticed when looking back at photos.
To help prevent tinting changes due to sunlight, you can use a quality leave-in coat spray like
Chris Christensen Ice on Ice Conditioner with Sunscreen
. Aside from protecting the coat from the sun, it has the added benefits of preventing tangles and controlling static and contact friction which can lead to split ends.
And if you want to liven your Shih Tzu's colors up a bit, a shampoo like
Earthbath All Natural Coat Brightener Shampoo

can bring out natural colors that faded down a bit, adding depth and shine. Note that this is not a dye, it's an all-natural product that's healthy for the coat.